"Conceptual understanding refers to an integrated and functional grasp of mathematical ideas. Students with conceptual understanding know more than isolated facts and methods. They understand why a mathematical idea is important and the kinds of contexts in which it is useful. They have organized their knowledge into a coherent whole, which enables them to learn new ideas by connecting those ideas to what they already know. Conceptual understanding also supports retention. Be

“A voyage to Europe in the summer of 1921 gave me the first opportunity of observing the wonderful blue opalescence of the Mediterranean Sea.”- Prof. C V Raman, Nobel Prize in Physics, 1930 (the first non-white, Indian or Asian to receive a Nobel Prize in any branch of Science) This story begins with a voyage undertaken by C V Raman to the UK in the summer of 1921. Observing the Mediterranean while on board the ship, Raman wondered why the sea was so blue. The initial answe